Publish at November 20 2016 Updated April 20 2023
Artificial intelligence (AI) has until now been a product of science fiction, mostly. An allegory used to address totalitarian power or a Promethean fire allowing machines, especially robots, to get closer to humans.
So if the relationship is ambiguous in the authors, now imagine real life. Artificial intelligence is going to take on a larger and larger role as researchers develop the subject. Because A.I. is already in our pockets. The Siri and Cortana of this world are. The algorithms on social networks are also forms of them.
Artificial intelligences will increasingly relate to humans. Consequently, those who develop them must take this into consideration. So some are thinking about giving artificial intelligences more human traits. For example, would it be possible to instill in them the possibility of giving, being generous or cooperating with humans? A daunting challenge since how do you define in code a human aspect that is already difficult to explain? Computer scientists and specialists are trying to analyze and model sharing through games offered to randomly selected individuals.
These intelligences cannot be fixed, either. Indeed, the best ones will be able to adapt and learn from new data. How will they do this? We can teach them, but some suggest learning similar to that of young children who explore their environment and discover through trial and error. Thus, robots that would be equipped with it could better adapt to their environment and the humans around them.
In any case, one question remains very thorny that of ethics. Indeed, this is the subject that troubles artificial intelligence creators the most. While everyone agrees that A.I. must work at the service of humans and not the other way around, this is not the case when it comes to the methods to achieve this. Stanford University has released a report on the subject trying to predict life in 2030 with progress in this area.
For them, A.I. should not be regulated because there are different types and the risks differ depending on the areas in which they act. A report that is not unanimous since some feel that the recommendations want to push back as much as possible the interference of public authorities in the development of artificial intelligences. Moreover, many ethicists feel that they will have to stand together against the over-enthusiasm of transhumanists to succeed in imposing safeguards.
A topic that seems out of place and trivialized at the risk of endangering citizens in various situations. Will military drones have an acceptable maximum threshold of civilian deaths? And with the advent of autonomous cars, what decisions will they make? Will they be at the expense of passengers or people on the road? MIT is actually offering an interesting exercise open to the public where they can analyze and suggest scenarios where this type of car faces a dilemma. What will it choose to do? And other ethical choices will come into play such as, should personal data acquired by an AI about a person's health be automatically transmitted to a doctor? Is there a concept of privacy that will need to be instilled in these intelligences?
And then there is a notion of social acceptability that will need to be offered with the advent of artificial intelligences. Indeed, these will change our societies considerably. With them, jobs will disappear or will be quite diminished. If cab drivers are already angry at Uber, what will they do when autonomous cars arrive? And even journalists could see their role curtailed with the increasing use of robot journalists. And then, these algorithms that could have control over finances are not immune to bugs or hijacking that could threaten the economy of thousands of people, or even countries.
In this context, then, there must be a real pan of study and research on the links between humans and artificial intelligences. Already consortia are being set up to reflect, among other things, on their ethical aspect. A reflection that must be done now as they become more and more sophisticated.
Illustration : yourbestdigs iPhone app via photopin (license)>
References
Borde, Valerie. "Should We Be Afraid... Of Artificial Intelligence?" News. Last updated : September 28, 2016. http://www.lactualite.com/societe/faut-il-avoir-peur-de-lintelligence-artificielle/.
"How Will We Live With Artificial Intelligences?" RESEARCH & INNOVATION. Last updated : October 4, 2016. https://blogrecherche.wp.mines-telecom.fr/2016/10/04/impact-social-intelligences-artificielles/.
Guillaud, Hubert. "Towards An Ethics For Artificial Intelligence?" InternetActu.net. Last updated : 8 September 2016. http://www.internetactu.net/a-lire-ailleurs/vers-une-ethique-pour-lintelligence-artificielle/.
"Artificial Intelligence : Childhood Curiosity, Driving Learning." RESEARCH &INNOVATION. Last updated : July 25, 2016. https://blogrecherche.wp.mines-telecom.fr/2016/07/25/intelligence-artificielle-curiosite/.
"Artificial Intelligence : The Complex Question Of Ethics." RESEARCH & INNOVATION. Last updated : September 15, 2016. https://blogrecherche.wp.mines-telecom.fr/2016/09/15/intelligence-artificielle-ethique/.
"Artificial Intelligences Must Dialogue To Be Effective." RESEARCH & INNOVATION. Last updated : August 30, 2016. https://blogrecherche.wp.mines-telecom.fr/2016/08/30/intelligences-artificielles-doivent-dialoguer/.
McKenna, Alain. "Artificial Intelligence : 'Humans Will Get Away With It, But...'." LesAffaires.com. Last updated : May 4, 2016. https://www.lesaffaires.com/blogues/alain-mckenna/intelligence-artificielle-l-humain-va-s-en-sortir-mais/587259.
Moral Machine. Accessed November 16 2016. http://moralmachine.mit.edu/.
Qadiri, Sophia. "Artificial Intelligence : What Impact In 2030?" The Workshop. Last updated : September 14, 2016. http://www.atelier.net/trends/articles/intelligence-artificielle-impact-2030_443432.
Whitaker, Roger. "How to Make Artificial Intelligence More Generous." Slate.co.uk. Last updated : September 22, 2016. http://www.slate.fr/story/123793/intelligence-artificielle-genereuse.
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