The Paris metro network comprises over 300 stations, more than 200 kilometers, millions of passengers... and 300 musicians selected by the RATP (Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens). The latter will audition nearly 1,000 musicians, and grant performance rights to 300 of them. It's an interesting, sensitive exercise, and one that also unearths new talent. Popular singer Zaz, for example, got her start humming in the metro.
This short report shows the realities of these people who, in addition to their jobs, give 100% in specific areas of the metro network. An institutionalization that certainly legitimizes the work of artists, but doesn't always make the task easy. Public transport is a place of passage, and many musicians find it difficult to remain indifferent when no one stops to listen to even one piece. Some, like a baritone, have figured out how to use opera to catch the eye of commuters.
Nevertheless, despite the less-than-obvious context and the peculiar acoustics, they continue to go there and perform so that they can at least express their artistic side regularly, make passengers smile and get an audience even if it's not the easiest one.
What makes history special in the Web 2.0 era? Have historians' practices changed as the web has become increasingly participatory? Two texts provide a clearer picture of the components of this new digital history.
Although the hegemony of American culture is being felt in the music industry, there is still a strong Francophone discography. From tunes by Barbara and Aznavour to lines by Grand Corps Malade or BigFlo et Oli, every text performed can be a source of study on different aspects of language for students, whether or not they are native French speakers.
Graphic representations are generally accepted as an immediate means of communication, crossing boundaries and possessing pedagogical virtues. A thesis takes these commonplaces and tests their veracity, on teachers and learners.
What if, by trying to go fast, we're missing the point?
The most important thing is to learn in a calm and relaxed way, and to build up a critical and up-to-date way of thinking, not to hand out ready-to-use knowledge on the surface.